Personality traits refer to recurring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving, which show heritability and stability across time.

Geographical differences in personality traits In the wake of the suggested replication crisis within psychology, it is continually necessary to reaffirm psychological foundations such as cross-country personality measurement. However, these often used modest country sample sizes, sometimes with equivocal results (see a comprehensive review ).Generally speaking, it is still a largely unsettled issue how reliable, valid and consequential country differences in personality traits are. There are at least half a dozen large-scale cross-country studies to date. This was tested on some of the largest country samples to date ( N > 1,000), from 22 countries world-wide ( N Total = 130,602). In the present study, we ask (i) to what degree does personality data fit the five trait factor-structures across countries? (ii) to what extent do personality traits predict sex differences across countries? and (iii) how much do personality trait levels differ across countries? For this purpose, we make use of a comprehensive, open-source personality instrument, based on the well-known Five Factor Model (FFM), which includes the measurement of 30 personality trait facets: IPIP-NEO-120. Building on this train of thought, we propose and test a Similarities Hypothesis, defined as personality traits being similar in structure and sex differences across countries, as well as in aggregate country levels. However, another way of interpreting past findings is that aggregate trait-personality differences between countries are notably small. This could potentially provide insights into the mindset of both individuals and cultures. Large-scale studies propose that country differences in personality traits are significant, and related to societal values. With migration and globalization, individual differences across countries have become a topic of interest and importance. We conclude that the most parsimonious explanation for the current and past findings is a cross-country personality Similarities Hypothesis. In other words, the relationship between a country and an individualвЂ™s personality traits, however interesting, are small.

Finally, the overall the contribution to personality traits from countries was less than 2%. Second, within-country sex differences for the five personality traits showed similar patterns across countries. First, similarities across countries were observed for model fits for each of the five personality trait structures. We found support for this in three stages. We postulated that differences in personality traits between countries would be small, labeling this a Similarities Hypothesis. The instrument used was a comprehensive, open-source measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) (IPIP-NEO-120). The present study extends this research by examining 30 personality traits in 22 countries, based on an online survey in English with large national samples ( N Total = 130,602). Previous research has established reliable differences in personality traits across countries. In the current climate of migration and globalization, personality characteristics of individuals from different countries have received a growing interest.

Ipip-neo validity and reliability